1Shahbaz Nazir Reshi, 2Amandeep Kaur
1M,Sc. student, Department of Microbiology, Adesh Institute of Medical sciences and Research, Bathinda
2Professor, Department of Microbiology, Adesh Institute of Medical sciences and Research, Bathinda
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijmra/v7-i03-64Google Scholar Download Pdf
ABSTRACT:
Biofilm formation has been found to play a central role in many human infections in which antibiotic resistance is common. Bacteria can colonize and form biofilms on almost any surface, including natural and synthetic surfaces the present study was conducted with an aim to detect biofilm formation in ET tubes/ ET secretions received from ICU patients by microtiter plate method. In the present study a total of 85 isolates were obtained out of 400 samples. Among 85 isolates of gram- negative bacteria, maximum number of isolates were of K. pneumoniae (41.17%) followed by A. baumannii (40%), P. aeruginosa (10.5%), E. coli (5.88%) and B.cepacia (2.35%). All isolates were tested for antimicrobial sensitivity/resistance by Vitek 2 Compact system. All the isolates were further tested for biofilm production by microtiter plate method and optical density (OD value) was measured. Biofilm production was distributed by strong, medium, and weak. It is concluded that stringent hygiene protocols, routine tube changes and the use of antimicrobial coatings are crucial for prevention of biofilm development in ICU settings.
KEYWORDS:Biofilms, Endotracheal tubes, ET secretions Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. coli
REFERENCES1) Zur KB, Mandell DL, Gordon RE, Holzman I, and Rothschild MA: Electron microscopic analysis of biofilm on endotracheal tubes removed from intubated neonates. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2004, 130: 407-414
2) Shahrokhi E, Hasani A, Ansarin K, Mikaili H, Hasani A, Aghazadeh M, et al. Bacterial Biofilm in Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia: A Clinical Concern. Journal of Research in Medical and Dental Science 2018; 6(4): 46-51.
3) Craven DE, Steger KA: Epidemiology of nosocomial pneumonia. New perspectives on an old disease. Chest 1995, 108: 1S-16S.
4) Rello J, Sonora R, Jubert P, Artigas A, Rue M, and Valles J: Pneumonia in intubated patients: role of respiratory airway care. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996, 154: 111-11
5) Gil-Perotin S, Ramirez, P Marti V, Sahuquillo JM, Gonzalez E, Calleja I, Menendez R, BonastreJ.Implications of endotracheal tube biofilm in ventilator-associated pneumonia response: a state of concept. Critical Care 2012 16: R93.
6) Pourhoseingholi MA, Vahedi M, Rahimzadeh M. Sample size calculation in medical studies. Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench 2013;6(01):14–17
7) Baidya S, Sharma S, Mishra KS, Jeeva BH. Biofilms Formation by Pathogens causing Ventilator -Associated Pneumonia at ICU in a tertiary care hospital; Biomedical Research international; 2021:1-10.
8) Emmert EA, ASM Task Committee on Laboratory Biosafety. Biosafety guidelines for handling microorganisms in the teaching laboratory: development and rationale. J Microbiol Biol Educ. 2013;14(1):78-83.
9) doi: 10.1128/jmbe.v14i1.531, PMID 23858356.
10) Joseph NM, Sistla S, Dutta TK, Badhe AS, Rasitha D, Parija SC. Role of semi-quantitative and quantitative cultures of endotracheal aspirates in the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia. AMJ 2010, 3, 10, 627-632. Doi 10.4066/AMJ.2010.344
11) Collee JG, Marr W. Specimen collection, culture containers and media. In: Collee JG, Fraser AG, Marmon BP, Simmons A, Editors, Mackie and McCartney practical medical microbiology. 14th ed. 2008. Elsevier Canada. p.14-27.
12) Sastry AS, Bhat S. Identification of bacteria. In: Essentials of medical microbiology. 2nd ed. Vol. 26(3); 2019. p. 233-37.
13) Vitek 2 Product Information Manual [CD-ROM] for additional information. Brain Heart Infusion Agar with Horse Blood and Taurocholate (BHIY- HT). Anaerobe systems part (AS6463).
14) Uppe A, Gupta D, Swanti S, Nair G. Incidence of biofilm Formation in ET tubes and Correlation with Occurrence of VAP in a tertiary Care ICU. Am J Infect Dis Microbiol: 2019;7(2): 65-72.
15) Rewdiwala S, Bhamesh, Rajdev MS. Characterization of bacterial Etiologic Agents of biofilm Formation in Medical devices in Critical Care Setup. Crit Care Res Pract. 2011;12:1-6.
16) Dargahi Z, Hamad AA, Sheikh AF, Ahmad Khosravi N, Samei Fard S, Motahar M et al.The biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance of bacterial profile from endotracheal tube of patients admitted to intensive care unit in southwest of Iran. PLOS ONE. 2022;17(11):1-10.
17) Kaur K, Gill AK, Gill PK. Antibiotic Resistance & biofilm formation among Nosocomial pathogens in a tertiary care hospital.J Evol Med Dent Sci. 2017;6(84):1-11
18) Dicanu O, Siropol I, Girgoras I. Endotracheal Tube biofilm and its impact on the Pathogens of VAP. J Crit Care Med. 2018;4(2):50-5.
19) Bhat P, Peer S, Yoganand R. Detection of bio-film production among the most frequent bacterial isolates in cases of chronic suppurative otitis media: A crosssectional study. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci. 2020;9(6):1346-57. doi: 10.20546/ijcmas.2020.906.167
20) Sharma A , Gogoi M, Kaur B. Biofilm formation by bacteria isolated from intensive care units of a tertiary care hospital, with special relevance to its risk factors. Int J Res Med Sci. 2021;9(10):2959-65. doi: 10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20213915.
21) Amin M, Pai V, Qayoom S, Arshi S, Khurshid S. Biofilm formation and multidrug resistance in nosocomial isolates of Acinetobacter. Indian J Microbiol Res. 2018;5(3):425-9.
22) Tomar R, Sharma P Gupta V, Singh H. A study of biofilm Formation Pathogens on Endotracheal Tubes and their antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns. J Med Sci Clin Res. 2020;8(10):290-5.
23) Natham H, Kondagadapu S, Kadiyala V, Mohan A, Chaudhury A, Samantaray A. Bacterial colonisation and antibiotic sensitivity profile of endotracheal tubes in mechanically ventilated patients. J Clin Diagn Res. 2019; 13(1):1-10.
24) Dutta S, Haq S, Hasan MR, Haq JA. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of clinical isolates of Burkholderia cepacia in Bangladesh. BMC Res Notes. 2017; 10(1):11–15
25) Shukla R, Bilolikar AK, Udayasri B, Pragya R. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Burkholderia cepacia complex from various clinical samples in a tertiary care center: A one year prospective study. J Med Sci Res. 2018; 6(1):1-5.
26) Siddiqui T, Sahu C, Pate SS, Ghoshal U. Clinical and Microbiological Profile of Patients with Bloodstream Infections Caused by Burkholderia cepacia Complex . J Lab Physicians 2022;14:312–16.
27) Kady HE, Mohamed ONE, Abaza AF, Zidan YHM. Burkholderia cepacia complex among intensive care unit patients in two private hospitals in Alexandria. Inter J Sci Technol Research 2018;7(01):102–109.
Volume 07 Issue 03 March 2024
There is an Open Access article, distributed under the term of the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits remixing, adapting and building upon the work for non-commercial use, provided the original work is properly cited.
Our Services and Policies
Authors should prepare their manuscripts according to the instructions given in the authors' guidelines. Manuscripts which do not conform to the format and style of the Journal may be returned to the authors for revision or rejected.
The Journal reserves the right to make any further formal changes and language corrections necessary in a manuscript accepted for publication so that it conforms to the formatting requirements of the Journal.
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Analysis will publish 12 monthly online issues per year,IJMRA publishes articles as soon as the final copy-edited version is approved. IJMRA publishes articles and review papers of all subjects area.
Open access is a mechanism by which research outputs are distributed online, Hybrid open access journals, contain a mixture of open access articles and closed access articles.
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Analysis initiate a call for research paper for Volume 07 Issue 11 (November 2024).
PUBLICATION DATES:
1) Last Date of Submission : 26 November 2024 .
2) Article published within a week.
3) Submit Article : editor@ijmra.in or Online
Why with us
1 : IJMRA only accepts original and high quality research and technical papers.
2 : Paper will publish immediately in current issue after registration.
3 : Authors can download their full papers at any time with digital certificate.
The Editors reserve the right to reject papers without sending them out for review.
Authors should prepare their manuscripts according to the instructions given in the authors' guidelines. Manuscripts which do not conform to the format and style of the Journal may be returned to the authors for revision or rejected. The Journal reserves the right to make any further formal changes and language corrections necessary in a manuscript accepted for publication so that it conforms to the formatting requirements of the Journal.